Consumo de riesgo de alcohol y sentido de vida en adolescentes de 18 a 20 años en Tezontepec de Aldama / Risk consumption of alcohol and its impact on the meaning of life in adolescents aged 18 to 20 in Tezontepec de Aldama

Introducción: el consumo de alcohol aumento en los últimos años en adolescentes, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) indica que América Latina se posiciona en primer lugar de consumo y México ocupa el décimo lugar, en la población adolescente 38.8 % ha consumido alcohol alguna vez en su vida. Objetivo: conocer el nivel de consumo de riesgo de alcohol y el sentido de vida en los adolescentes de 18 a 20 años de edad de la comunidad de Presas, Tezontepec de Aldama, Hidalgo. Material y métodos: de aplicabilidad básica, cuantitativo, con un nivel de alcance descriptivo; diseño metodológico no experimental (observacional), prolectivo, transversal, prospectivo. Resultados: por medio de la escala dimensional del sentido de vida, 34 participantes refieren tener una búsqueda de sentido de vida expresan, experimentar una vida sin propósito y sin sentido, aunque en ocasiones poseen momentos en los que se sienten orientados. En cuanto, al instrumento de medición AUDIT, 10 participantes refieren tener un alto consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: hoy el alcohol sigue siendo un problema en la comunidad adolescente al mismo tiempo impacta de manera negativa en su sentido de vida.

Introduction: adolescent alcohol consumption has increased in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that Latin America is ranked first in this consumption and Mexico's adolescent population occupies tenth place. 38.8% of them have consumed alcohol at some point in their life as much as you have consumed in the last year. Objective: to know the level of risky alcohol consumption and the meaning of life in adolescents between 18 and 20 years of age in the community of Presas, Tezontepec de Aldama. Material and methods: of basic applicability with a quantitative approach and with a descriptive scope level, with a methodological design; non-experimental (observational), prolective, transversal, prospective. Results: 34 participants report having a search for a sense of life, expressing that they are people who experience a life without purpose and meaning, although sometimes they have moments when they feel oriented. Regarding the results of the AUDIT Measurement Instrument, 10 participants report having a high consumption of alcohol, stating that they are personnel who consume alcohol more frequently. Conclusion: alcohol is still a problem in the community today. Adolescent at the same time negatively impacts their sense of life; since young people who are at risk of alcohol have a low meaning of life

Modeling the aluminum-doped and single vacancy blue phosphorene interactions with molecules: a density functional theory study.

Structural, electronic, binding energies and magnetic properties of aluminum-doped and single vacancy blue phosphorene interacting with pollutant molecules are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions. Acetylene, ozone, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen selenide, and sulfur dichloride molecules are considered to show the efficiency and enhancement of the sensing properties in comparison with the pristine blue phosphorene. Acetylene, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen selenide, and sulfur dichloride show chemisorption (> 0.5 eV/molecule) when interacting with the aluminum-doped system, but the ozone molecule dissociates in all configurations and symmetry sites. On the other hand, the acetylene, ozone, and sulfur trioxide with the single vacancy blue phosphorene exhibit chemisorption, the hydrogen selenide molecule exhibit a weak interaction energy, and the sulfur dichloride dissociates in all configurations and symmetry sites. In all the cases, the enhancement in the interaction energy was achieved when compared to other results for the same molecules. Finally, the single vacancy blue phosphorene shows a magnetic moment of ~1 µB/supercell, as induced by the vacancy.

Density map and fuzzy classification for breast density by using BI-RADS.

Mammographic density (MD) is conformed by a different percentage of stromal, epithelial, and adipose tissue within the breast. One of the most critical findings in mammographic patterns for establishing a diagnosis of breast cancer is high breast tissue density. There is a wide variety of works focused on the study and automatic calculation of general breast density; however, they do not provide more detailed information about the changes that may occur within the breast tissue. This work proposes to generate a breast density map based on a texture analysis to identify the internal composition and distribution of the breast tissue through the diffuse division technique of the different densities inside the breast. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a density map associated with the breast that allows us to distinguish and quantify the different types of breast densities and their distribution according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS Breast Density Category). The proposed methodology was tested with mammograms from the BCDR and InBreast databases, demonstrating consistency in results and reaching an accuracy of 84.2% and 81.3%, respectively. Finally, the information obtained from the density map and its analysis could be a support tool for the specialist physician to monitor changes in breast density over time, since the fuzzy classification carried out allows quantifying the degree of membership in the BI-RADS breast density classes.

Reference values for biochemical analytes in feral sheep from Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico / [Valores de referência para analitos bioquímicos em carneiros selvagens na Ilha Socorro, Arquipélago de Revillagigedo, México]

To establish reference values for biochemical analytes related to freshwater shortage adaptation, a total of 376 blood samples were collected from feral sheep at Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. Year-round variation was assessed by sampling at the beginning of each season defined by the March equinox, June solstice, September equinox, and December solstice. The resulting data set was analyzed using Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of each season. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, albumin, total protein, sodium ion, anion gap, creatine kinase, arginine vasopressin, and aldosterone showed concentrations above the reference range for domestic sheep. Triglycerides, urea, albumin, sodium ion, and aldosterone showed concentrations within the reference range for domestic goats. Most biochemical analytes showed differences (P<0.05) between seasons, with the highest values occurring during winter, and the lowest during spring. Results could help improve the accuracy of metabolic profiles used as a tool for evaluating dehydration indicators, and to describe the physiological mechanisms employed by feral sheep to cope with seasonal availability of freshwater.(AU)

Para estabelecer valores de referência para analitos bioquímicos relacionados à adaptação da escassez de água doce, um total de 376 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de carneiros selvagens na ilha de Socorro, no arquipélago de Revillagigedo. A variação durante todo o ano foi avaliada por amostragem no início de cada estação definida pelo equinócio de março, solstício de junho, equinócio de setembro e solstício de dezembro. O conjunto de dados resultante foi analisado usando distribuição Gaussiana e estatística descritiva. Intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estabelecidos. A análise de variância foi usada para comparar os valores médios de cada estação. O colesterol total, triglicerídeos, ureia, albumina, proteína total, íon sódio, hiato aniônico, creatina quinase, arginina vasopressina e aldosterona apresentaram concentrações acima do intervalo de referência para carneiros domésticos. Triglicerídeos, ureia, albumina, íon sódio e aldosterona apresentaram concentrações dentro da faixa de referência para cabras domésticas. A maioria dos analitos bioquímicos apresentou diferenças (P<0,05) entre as estações, com os maiores valores ocorrendo no inverno e os menores na primavera. Os resultados podem ajudar a melhorar a precisão dos perfis metabólicos usados como uma ferramenta para avaliar os indicadores de desidratação e descrever os mecanismos fisiológicos empregados pelas carneiros selvagens para lidar com a disponibilidade sazonal de água doce.(AU)

Frequência cardíaca, lactacidemia e gasto energético de equinos da raça Crioula em provas credenciadoras ao Freio de Ouro / [Heart rate, lactate concentration and energy expenditure of Creole breed horses during qualifying tests at Freio de Ouro]

Avaliações com o intuito de mensurar marcadores de eficiência na performance esportiva do cavalo Crioulo são escassas e de fundamental importância no que tange às possíveis especificidades da raça. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e determinar os padrões de frequência cardíaca, velocidade, concentração de lactato e gasto energético de equinos da raça Crioula durante provas credenciadoras ao Freio de Ouro. Tais variáveis foram avaliadas durante a realização das etapas funcionais da competição. Observaram-se flutuações superiores da variável frequência cardíaca (FC) durante a realização das etapas de Andadura, Figura, Volta sobre Patas e Esbarradas (And/fig/VSP) (203bpm) e menores valores na etapa Paleteada II (185bpm) (P<0,05). Em relação à velocidade, o maior valor atingido foi registrado na etapa de Paleteada II (39,7km/h). A concentração de lactato sanguíneo aferida se mostrou elevada em todas as fases da competição, sendo o maior valor observado na etapa de Paleteada II (14,5mmol/L) (P<0,05) e o menor durante a etapa de Mangueira I (9,3mmol/L). Superior gasto energético foi atribuído à etapa de And/Fig/VSP (853,28kcal/kgPV/min). Portanto, todas as etapas funcionais podem ser classificadas como anaeróbias, por apresentarem concentrações de lactato sanguíneo acima de 4mmol/L, e demandam alto gasto energético pelos competidores.(AU)

Evaluations of athletic performance markers of Crioulo breed horses are scarce yet fundamentally important regarding possible unique characteristics of this breed. This study aimed to evaluate and determine heart rate, speed, blood lactate and energy expenditure patterns of Crioulo breed horses during qualifying tests in the functional phases of the "Freio de Ouro" championship. Higher values of heart rate during the phases "andadura, figura, voltas sobre patas, esbarradas" (And/Fig/VSP) (203bpm) and lower values at "Paleteada II" (185bpm) (P<0.05) were noticed. Regarding speed variable, the maximum value was registered at "Paleteada II" (39.7km/h). During all the phases, blood lactate concentration was high, with the highest value found at "Paleteada II" (14.5mm/L) and the lowest during "Mangueira I" (9.3mm/L) (P<0.05). Superior energy expenditure was noticed in the "And/Fig/VSP" phase (853.28Kcal/kgPV/min). Thus, all functional phases can be classified as anaerobic, as blood lactate concentrations remained above 4mmol/L, with high energy demand of the horses.(AU)

Covariation patterns of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in hypertrophic shallow lakes.

The aim of this work was to assess the temporal patterns in the community composition of phytoplankton (PCC) and bacterioplankton (BCC) in two interconnected and hypertrophic Pampean shallow lakes in Argentina. Factors shaping their community dynamics and community temporal covariations were also analysed. We performed 4 years of seasonal samplings (2012-2016) and communities were studied by the Utermöhl approach (PCC) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing (BCC). We found marked seasonal variations in both communities and inter-annual variations with decreasing microbial community similarities during the study. We also observed covariation in community-level dynamics among PCC and BCC within and between shallow lakes. The within-lake covariations remained positive and significant, while controlling for the effects of intrinsic (environmental) and extrinsic (temporal and meteorological) factors, suggesting a community coupling mediated by intrinsic biotic interactions. Algal-bacterial associations between different taxa of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton within each lake were also found. PCC was mainly explained by pure regional extrinsic (17-21%) and intrinsic environmental (8-9%) factors, while BCC was explained by environmental (8-10%) and biotic interactions with phytoplankton (7-8%). Our results reveal that the influence of extrinsic regional factors can be channeled to bacterioplankton through both environmental (i.e. water temperature) and phytoplankton effects.

Divergência fenotípica entre éguas Crioulas das linhagens uruguaia "La invernada", argentina "Cardal" e chilena / [Phenotypic divergence between Criollo mares lines of the Uruguayan "La invernada", Argentine "Cardal" and Chilean]

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a dissimilaridade fenotípica de amostras populacionais de três linhagens de éguas Crioulas, uruguaia (La Invernada), argentina (Cardal) e chilena, para caracteres morfológicos, apontando as características de maior variância intra e entre as diferentes linhagens que são passíveis de seleção. Foram avaliadas 22 características morfológicas de 113 éguas da linhagem uruguaia "La Invernada", 38 argentinas "Cardal" e 73 chilenas puras, totalizando 224 éguas de cria pertencentes à raça Crioula. Para determinação das variáveis lineares e de perímetro, foi utilizada fita métrica, prumo, paquímetro e hipômetro. Verificou-se variabilidade nas características morfológicas entre as três linhagens (P<0,05), incluindo as características lineares altura, perímetro de tórax e perímetro de canela (P<0,01), consideradas de caráter impositivo para fins de registro. Maior variação fenotípica foi observada nas éguas da linhagem chilena em relação aos outros dois grupos genéticos (P<0,01). As características morfológicas altura garupa, perímetro rostral pescoço, comprimento metatarso, largura garupa, profundidade do tórax, comprimento dorsal pescoço e comprimento do corpo foram passíveis de seleção entre as éguas Crioulas pertencentes às linhagens argentina (Cardal), uruguaia (La Invernada) e chilena. Em conclusão, não há homogeneidade entre as linhagens estudadas, o que identifica a diversidade entre as linhagens de éguas Crioulas estudadas.(AU)

The aim of the study was to analyze the phenotypic dissimilarity of morphological characteristics of three strains of Criollo mares, Uruguian (La Invernada), Argentine (Cardal), and Chilena, pointing to the characteristics of higher variance within and among the different strains that are selectable. We evaluated 22 morphological characteristics of 113 mares of the Uruguaian line, 38 Argentines and 73 pure Chilean, totaling 224 breeding mares belonging to the criollo breed. For the determination of the linear and perimeter variables, a metric tape, plumb, pachymeter and hypometer were used. There was variability in the morphological characteristics between the three strains (P<0.05), including the linear characteristics of height, chest circumference and perimeter of cinnamon (P<0.01), considered as taxation for registration purposes. Higher phenotypic variation was observed in the mares of the Chilean line in relation to the other two genetic groups (P<0.01). The morphological characteristics of height croup, rostral perimeter neck, metatarsal length, croup width, chest depth, dorsal neck length, and body length were the selectable characteristics among the breeding mares belonging to the Argentine (Cardal), Uruguaian (La Invernada) and Chilena strains. In conclusion, there is no homogeneity between the studied strains, which identifies the diversity among the lines of Criollo mares studied.(AU)

Antibacterial activity of chitosan biofilm for the conservation of fertile and table eggs / Atividade antibacteriana de biofilme de quitosana para conservação de ovos férteis e de mesa

The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan biofilm against Salmonella enteritidis, for the conservation of fertile and table eggs. Two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: 400 specific pathogen-free table eggs were divided in a completely randomized design into four treatments, five replicates and each replicate with 20 table eggs. Experimental groups were assigned to control and 1, 5 and 10% chitosan treatment. The eggs were immersed in the chitosan solution. They were then exposed to Salmonella enteritidis and stored for 1, 24, 96 and 168h at 4ºC. The eggs were then washed with 10mL of physiological saline solution. Experiment 2: 80 specific pathogen-free fertile eggs were tested, the assays were assigned to control and 1, 5 and 10% chitosan treatment. Each treatment had 20 fertile eggs. The eggs were immersed in the chitosan solution. They were individually weighed and incubated. Egg weight, humidity loss, and hatchability (weight and length of newly hatched chicks) characteristics were assessed. In Experiment 1, comparison between treatments showed differences (P< 0.05) in the total recovered of Salmonella enteritidis on eggshell, with the lower values in 5 y 10% chitosan treatment at 96 y 168h respectively. In Experiment 2, chitosan did not show any effect on the egg weight and chick weight, where the average was 57.44 and 38.23g respectively. The humidity loss and chick length showed differences (P< 0.05), with the lower values in 5 y 10% chitosan treatment. The antibacterial activity of chitosan biofilm provide a practical tool against Salmonella enteritidis in fertile and table eggs because the chitosan did not affect egg weight and chick weight, relevant parameters in the poultry industry.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um biofilme de quitosana contra Salmonella enteritidis, para conservação de ovos férteis e de mesa. Dois experimentos foram realizados. Experimento 1: 400 ovos de mesa livres de patógenos especificados foram divididos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e cada réplica contendo 20 ovos de mesa. Grupos experimentais foram designados para controle e 1, 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana. Os ovos foram imersos em solução de quitosana. Em seguida foram expostos a Salmonella enteritidis, e armazenados por 1, 24, 96 e 168h a 4ºC. Após, os ovos foram lavados com 10mL de solução salina fisiológica. Experimento 2: 80 ovos férteis livres de patógenos especificados foram testados. Os ensaios foram atribuídos a controle e 1, 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana. Cada tratamento teve 20 ovos férteis. Os ovos foram imersos em solução de quitosana. Em seguida foram individualmente pesados e incubados. Peso dos ovos, perda de umidade e características de eclodibilidade (peso e comprimento dos pintinhos recém-nascidos) foram avaliados. No Experimento 1, a comparação entre tratamentos mostrou diferenças (P< 0,05) na quantidade total recuperada de Salmonella enteritidis na casca, com os menores valores em 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana a 96 e 168h respetivamente. No experimento 2, a quitosana não mostrou nenhum efeito no peso do ovo e no peso do pintinho, onde a média foi de 57,44 e 38,23g respetivamente. A perda de umidade e comprimento do pintinho apresentaram diferenças (P< 0,05), com os menores valores em 5 e 10% de tratamento com quitosana. A atividade antibacteriana do biofilme de quitosana, fornece uma ferramenta prática contra Salmonella enteritidis em ovos férteis e de mesa, pois a quitosana não afetou o peso do ovo e peso do pintinho, parâmetros relevantes na indústria avícola.(AU)

Flexible workflows for on-the-fly electron-microscopy single-particle image processing using Scipion.

Electron microscopy of macromolecular structures is an approach that is in increasing demand in the field of structural biology. The automation of image acquisition has greatly increased the potential throughput of electron microscopy. Here, the focus is on the possibilities in Scipion to implement flexible and robust image-processing workflows that allow the electron-microscope operator and the user to monitor the quality of image acquisition, assessing very simple acquisition measures or obtaining a first estimate of the initial volume, or the data resolution and heterogeneity, without any need for programming skills. These workflows can implement intelligent automatic decisions and they can warn the user of possible acquisition failures. These concepts are illustrated by analysis of the well known 2.2 Šresolution ß-galactosidase data set.

On the use of Action Units and fuzzy explanatory models for facial expression recognition.

Facial expression recognition is related to the automatic identification of affective states of a subject by computational means. Facial expression recognition is used for many applications, such as security, human-computer interaction, driver safety, and health care. Although many works aim to tackle the problem of facial expression recognition, and the discriminative power may be acceptable, current solutions have limited explicative power, which is insufficient for certain applications, such as facial rehabilitation. Our aim is to alleviate the current limited explicative power by exploiting explainable fuzzy models over sequences of frontal face images. The proposed model uses appearance features to describe facial expressions in terms of facial movements, giving a detailed explanation of what movements are in the face, and why the model is making a decision. The model architecture was selected to keep the semantic meaning of the found facial movements. The proposed model can discriminate between the seven basic facial expressions, obtaining an average accuracy of 90.8±14%, with a maximum value of 92.9±28%.

Effects of exercise on cations/anions in blood serum of English Thoroughbred horses / Efeito do exercício sobre cátions/ânions em soro sanguíneo de equinos da raça Puro-Sangue-Inglês

English Thoroughbred horses, are widespread in Mexico and due to the lack of data on their exercise physiology, it is important to conduct exercise tests in order to obtain information the effects of exercise on more essential cations/anions in blood serum, as these horses are submitted to constant efforts. The study was carried out with 150 blood samples of English Thoroughbred horses clinically healthy. The blood sample collection was performed during three periods: 1) rest, 2) 30min after exercise (speed race of 12km/h for 30min with no rest) and 3) 60min after exercise. Mean values were calculated for cations (sodium and potassium) and anions (chloride and bicarbonate). The resulting data set was analyzed using Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. The linear relationships between ions were quantified, and an analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values between groups. The concentrations of the described analytes are consistent with values reported by international literature. The comparison between groups, revealed that during exercise, sodium ion did not show changes 30min after exercise and increase 60min after. Potassium ion showed increase 30min after exercise and decrease 60min after. Chloride ion showed a decrease 30min after exercise, to recover gradually 60min after. Meanwhile, bicarbonate ion showed increase 30min after exercise, decreasing slightly in the final stage. Negative correlation between bicarbonate ion and chloride ion were determined. It was concluded that exercise tests are useful for the determination of acid-base balance and osmotic balance, and their main role is to evaluate the athletic ability of horses.Considering that chloride ion excretion and metabolic adjustments of potassium ion and bicarbonate ion are superior to water loss, compared to the normal osmolarity of blood serum. The results found can be used to structure an adequate replacement program of electrolytes lost in sweat.(AU)

Equinos da raça Puro-Sangue-Inglês são difundidos no México e, devido à falta de dados sobre sua fisiologia do exercício, é importante fazer testes de exercício para obter informações sobre os efeitos do exercício em cátions/ânions mais essenciais no soro do sangue, pois esses equinos são submetidos a esforços constantes. O estudo foi realizado com 150 amostras de sangue de equinos Puro-Sangue-Inglês, clinicamente saudáveis. A coleta de sangue foi realizada em três períodos: 1) descanso, 2) 30min após o exercício (corrida de velocidade de 12km/h por 30min, sem descanso) e 3) 60min após o exercício. Os valores médios foram calculados para cátions (sódio e potássio) e ânions (cloreto e bicarbonato). O conjunto de dados resultante foi analisado utilizando-se distribuição gaussiana e estatística descritiva. Intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estabelecidos. As relações lineares entre os íons foram quantificadas, e uma análise de variância foi realizada para se compararem os valores médios entre grupos. As concentrações dos analitos descritos são consistentes com os valores relatados na literatura internacional. A comparação entre os grupos revelou que, durante o exercício, o sódio íon não mostrou alterações 30min após o exercício e aumentou 60min após. O potássio íon mostrou aumento 30min após o exercício e diminuiu 60min após. O cloreto íon mostrou uma diminuição 30min após o exercício, para recuperar gradualmente 60min depois. O bicarbonato íon mostrou aumento 30min após o exercício, diminuindo ligeiramente no estágio final. Correlação negativa entre bicarbonato íon e cloreto íon foi encontrada. Concluiu-se que os testes de exercício são úteis para a determinação do equilíbrio ácido-base e do equilíbrio osmótico, e seu principal papel é avaliar a capacidade atlética dos equinos. Considerando-se que a excreção de cloro íon e ajustes metabólicos de potássio íon e bicarbonato íon são superiores à perda de água, comparada à osmolaridade normal do soro sanguíneo,os resultados encontrados podem ser usados para estruturar um programa adequado de reposição de eletrólitos perdidos no suor.(AU)

Dietary Acid Load: mechanisms and evidence of its health repercussions. / Carga ácida de la dieta; mecanismos y evidencia de sus repercusiones en la salud.

Diet composition has long been known to influence acid-base balance by providing acid or base precursors. In general, foods rich in protein, such as meat, cheese, eggs, and others, increase the production of acid in the body, whereas fruit and vegetables increase alkalis. The capacity of acid or base production of any food is called potential renal acid load (PRAL). Diets high in PRAL induce a low-grade metabolic acidosis state, which is associated with the development of metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, bone disorders, low muscle mass and other complications. The aim of this paper is to review the available evidence which evaluates the association of the PRAL of the diet with the incidence of chronic diseases and metabolic disorders, as well as related mechanisms involved in their development.

Abductive reasoning as a basis to reproduce expert criteria in ECG atrial fibrillation identification.

OBJECTIVE: This work aims at providing a new method for the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation, other arrhythmia and noise on short single-lead ECG signals, emphasizing the importance of the interpretability of the classification results. APPROACH: A morphological and rhythm description of the cardiac behavior is obtained by a knowledge-based interpretation of the signal using the Construe abductive framework. Then, a set of meaningful features are extracted for each individual heartbeat and as a summary of the full record. The feature distributions can be used to elucidate the expert criteria underlying the labeling of the 2017 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge dataset, enabling a manual partial relabeling to improve the consistency of the training set. Finally, a tree gradient boosting model and a recurrent neural network are combined using the stacking technique to provide an answer on the basis of the feature values. MAIN RESULTS: The proposal was independently validated against the hidden dataset of the Challenge, achieving a combined F 1 score of 0.83 and tying for the first place in the official stage of the Challenge. This result was even improved in the follow-up stage to 0.85 with a significant simplification of the model, attaining the highest score so far reported on the hidden dataset. SIGNIFICANCE: The obtained results demonstrate the potential of Construe to provide robust and valuable descriptions of temporal data, even with the presence of significant amounts of noise. Furthermore, the importance of consistent classification criteria in manually labeled training datasets is emphasized, and the fundamental advantages of knowledge-based approaches to formalize and validate those criteria are discussed.

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2016 revision

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10% to 40% of the population. It reduces quality of life and school and work performance and is a frequent reason for office visits in general practice. Medical costs are large, but avoidable costs associated with lost work productivity are even larger than those incurred by asthma. New evidence has accumulated since the last revision of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines in 2010, prompting its update. OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide a targeted update of the ARIA guidelines. METHODS: The ARIA guideline panel identified new clinical questions and selected questions requiring an update. We performed systematic reviews of health effects and the evidence about patients' values and preferences and resource requirements (up to June 2016). We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision frameworks to develop recommendations. RESULTS: The 2016 revision of the ARIA guidelines provides both updated and new recommendations about the pharmacologic treatment of AR. Specifically, it addresses the relative merits of using oral H1-antihistamines, intranasal H1-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists either alone or in combination. The ARIA guideline panel provides specific recommendations for the choice of treatment and the rationale for the choice and discusses specific considerations that clinicians and patients might want to review to choose the management most appropriate for an individual patient. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate treatment of AR might improve patients' quality of life and school and work productivity. ARIA recommendations support patients, their caregivers, and health care providers in choosing the optimal treatment.

Reference values for biochemical analytes in Mexican dairy farms: interactions and adjustments between production groups / Valores de referência para analitos bioquímicos em rebanhos leiteiros mexicanos: interações e ajustes entre grupos de produção

Blood samples of 189 healthy Holstein cows classified as high-producers, low-producers, or dry cows, were collected with the purpose of establishing reference values for several biochemical analytes in Mexican dairy farms. Mean values were calculated for: 1) Energy profile: glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and non-esterified fatty acids, 2) Protein profile: urea, albumin, globulin, and total protein, 3) Mineral profile: calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and anion gap, and 4) Hepatic enzyme: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. The resulting data set was analyzed using Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. The linear relationships between the biochemical analytes were quantified, and an analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values between the three production groups. The overall concentrations of the described analytes are consistent with values reported by international literature. However, lower values were found for urea, calcium, and sodium; higher values were found for cholesterol, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Negative correlations were found between ß-hydroxybutyrate and glucose or urea, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and urea, and bicarbonate and urea or phosphorus or anion gap. Positive correlations were found between ß-hydroxybutyrate and cholesterol or anion gap, non-esterified fatty acids and anion gap, cholesterol and globulin, different analytes of mineral profile and anion gap or urea or glucose, and between sodium and calcium. Differences among the three production groups were observed for ß-hydroxybutyrate and cholesterol concentrations. The γ-glutamyl transpeptidase concentration was similar in high and low-producing cows but was higher in comparison to serum levels of dry cows. Calcium showed differences between high-producing cows and the other two groups, and sodium showed the highest concentration in dry cows. The outcomes of this work improve the accuracy of the metabolic profiles as a tool for assessing the nutritional and health status of dairy cows.

As amostras de sangue de 189 vacas da raça Holandesa clinicamente saudáveis, classificadas em alta produção, baixa produção ou vacas secas, foram coletadas com a finalidade de se estabelecerem valores de referência para vários analitos bioquímicos em rebanhos leiteiros mexicanos. Os valores médios foram calculados para: 1) perfil energético: glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, ß-hidroxibutirato, e ácidos graxos não esterificados, 2) perfil proteico: ureia, albumina, globulina e proteínas totais, 3) perfil mineral: cálcio, fósforo, sódio, potássio, magnésio, cloro, dióxido de carbono, bicarbonato e hiato aniônico, e 4) enzima hepática: γ-glutamil transpeptidase. O conjunto de dados resultante foi analisado utilizando-se distribuição gaussiana e estatística descritiva. Intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estabelecidos. As relações lineares entre os analitos bioquímicos foram quantificadas, e uma análise de variância foi realizada para se compararem os valores médios entre os três grupos de produção. As concentrações totais dos analitos descritos são consistentes com os valores relatados na literatura internacional. No entanto, os valores mais baixos foram encontrados para a ureia, o cálcio e o sódio; os valores mais elevados foram encontrados para o colesterol e o γ-glutamil transpeptidase. Correlações negativas foram encontradas entre ß-hidroxibutirato e glicose ou ureia, γ-glutamil transpeptidase e ureia, e entre bicarbonato e ureia ou fósforo ou hiato aniônico. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre ß-hidroxibutirato e colesterol ou hiato aniônico, ácidos graxos não esterificados e hiato aniônico, colesterol e globulina, diferentes analitos de perfil mineral e hiato aniônico ou ureia ou glicose, e entre sódio e cálcio. As diferenças entre os três grupos de produção foram observadas para as concentrações de ß-hidroxibutirato e de colesterol. A concentração γ-glutamil transpeptidase foi semelhante em vacas de alta e baixa produção, mas foi maior em comparação com os níveis séricos de vacas secas. O cálcio mostrou diferenças entre vacas de alta produção e os outros dois grupos, e o sódio apresentou a maior concentração em vacas secas. Os resultados deste trabalho podem melhorar a precisão dos perfis metabólicos como uma ferramenta para avaliar o estado nutricional e de saúde das vacas leiteiras.

Cold Water Immersion is Acutely Detrimental but Increases Performance Post-12 h in Rugby Players.

We evaluated the effectiveness of cold water immersion on recovery of performance (i. e., the ability of repetitively performing a physical test) in rugby players acutely and 12 h later. 8 male rugby union players (23±4.7 years; 176.9±4.5 cm; 87.5±8.6 kg) performed a rugby-specific exercise protocol (40 min) followed by recovery strategies: cold water immersion (8.9±0.6°C; 9 min with 1 min out of water, repeated twice) or control (players remained seated for 20 min) in a random order. The players underwent performance tests (countermovement and 30 s continuous jumps and agility T) at 4 time points: at baseline, immediately after rugby-specific exercise, post-recovery strategies and 12 h later. The performance of the agility and countermovement jump test were not different between cold water immersion and control immediately post rugby-specific exercises and 12 h thereafter. However, the 30 s continuous jump test performance decreased immediately but increased 12 h later after cold water immersion compared with control. Perception of recovery was better in the cold water immersion group compared with controls post 12 h exercise. Cold water immersion improves 30 s continuous jump performance, total quality recovery and seems to be an easy and practical tool for coaches and players, especially during congested periods of the season when fast recovery (~12 h) for the following activity is essential.

Towards a standard sampling methodology on online social networks: collecting global trends on Twitter.

One of the most significant current challenges in large-scale online social networks, is to establish a concise and coherent method aimed to collect and summarize data. Sampling the content of an Online Social Network (OSN) plays an important role as a knowledge discovery tool. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the fact that current sampling methods must cope with a lack of a full sampling frame i.e., there is an imposed condition determined by a limited data access. In addition, another key aspect to take into account is the huge amount of data generated by users of social networking services such as Twitter, which is perhaps the most influential microblogging service producing approximately 500 million tweets per day. In this context, due to the size of Twitter, which is problematic to be measured, the analysis of the entire network is infeasible and sampling is unavoidable. In addition, we strongly believe that there is a clear need to develop a new methodology to collect information on social networks (social mining). In this regard, we think that this paper introduces a set of random strategies that could be considered as a reliable alternative to gather global trends on Twitter. It is important to note that this research pretends to show some initial ideas in how convenient are random walks to extract information or global trends. The main purpose of this study, is to propose a suitable methodology to carry out an efficient collecting process via three random strategies: Brownian, Illusion and Reservoir. These random strategies will be applied through a Metropolis-Hastings Random Walk (MHRW). We show that interesting insights can be obtained by sampling emerging global trends on Twitter. The study also offers some important insights providing descriptive statistics and graphical description from the preliminary experiments.